• The Mature Harappan Phase shows both cultural homogeneity and diversity based on archaeological evidence.

Origin of Harappan Culture:

Two main theories:

1. 1. Indigenous/Pre-Harappan village culture: More widely accepted.
   2. Diffusionist theory: Claims Harappan civilisation emerged due to influence from Mesopotamian Civilisation.

• The Harappan civilisation occupied a triangular area, the largest among the three ancient urban civilisations (Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Harappa).
• Covered regions in modern-day Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, and Pakistan.
  

                           Extent of Indus Civilization

       Major Sites of Indus Civilization [Source – Britannica]